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Insights from 'Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Antisense Therapeutics

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) struggle with endosomal entrapment and inefficient nuclear localization, limiting their therapeutic impact. Researchers explore solutions like endosomal escape agents, peptide-based transport, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and nuclear localization signals (NLS) to enhance delivery. Combining non-toxic endosomal escape mechanisms with NLS-enhanced strategies could significantly improve ASO therapies, making them more effective for disease treatment.