This paper investigates the molecular differences between infant and adult skeletal muscles using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches. Researchers collected muscle biopsies from infants (aged 4-28 months) and adults (aged 19-65 years) to identify age-related changes. The study found significant differences in the expression of genes and proteins responsible for muscle structure, metabolism, and immune responses between these two groups. In infants, muscle fibers are less mature, and processes related to …

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This study focuses on translating microarray findings from golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) to identify biomarkers that could reflect cardiac and skeletal muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Since DMD affects both cardiac and skeletal muscle function, identifying molecular differences between these tissues can help predict disease progression. The research utilized GRMD models, which closely mimic DMD in humans, and studied gene expression in the left ventricle (LV) …

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Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) is an inherited, multisystemic disorder that affects muscle and various other organs. There are two types: DM1 and DM2. DM1, caused by CTG repeat expansion in the "DMPK" gene, is more common and severe, involving muscle weakness, myotonia, and systemic complications such as cardiac, respiratory, and gastrointestinal issues. DM2, caused by CCTG repeat expansion in the "CNBP" gene, presents with less severe systemic symptoms but is still …

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Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) is a genetic disorder that affects muscle function and other systems of the body. There are two main types: 1. Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1): Also known as Steinert's disease, DM1 is caused by a mutation in the "DMPK gene" (Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase). The mutation involves an expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats in this gene, leading to symptoms such as prolonged muscle contractions (myotonia), muscle weakness, …

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Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is a genetic disorder in dogs that closely resembles Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in humans. It is caused by a mutation in the *dystrophin* gene, which leads to the absence or severe deficiency of dystrophin protein in muscle cells. Without dystrophin, muscle cells become damaged and progressively weaken, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the disease. GRMD has been extensively studied as a model for …

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, often leading to severe cardiac complications. This systematic review aimed to analyze and grade the available literature on predictors of cardiac disease in DMD patients. The researchers reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2022, involving 9,232 patients across 33 publications. The focus was on pharmacological treatments and genetic mutations that influence heart health in DMD patients, …

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Personal take on this article: This paper discusses the work of the Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics (DCRT) in developing individualized antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for patients with rare brain or eye diseases. ASOs are short pieces of modified DNA that can adjust gene expression and have the potential to treat genetic disorders. However, many rare diseases are specific to individual patients, meaning pharmaceutical companies often overlook these cases due to …

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Personal take on this article: This study explores the potential of Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for monitoring therapy response in pediatric patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). SMA is a severe childhood neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. Currently, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers that can indicate treatment response in SMA. Researchers conducted proteomic analyses …

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Personal take on this article: This paper describes the diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in a presymptomatic infant using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA). DMD is a progressive X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to muscle weakness. Early diagnosis is crucial for starting treatments before significant muscle damage occurs, but DMD often faces diagnostic delays. In this case, a four-month-old infant …

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Personal take on this article: This study evaluates the effectiveness of Nusinersen, a drug for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), in adolescents and adults. The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies involving 539 patients aged 13–72 years, predominantly with SMA Type II or III.  Nusinersen was found to improve or stabilize motor function over 24 months. For the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale–Expanded (HFMSE), patients showed an …

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